Cutter-head



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Cutter Head.

Patented Jan. 11, I881.

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Gutter Head.

No. 236,636. Patented Jan. 11,1881.

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G. J. 85 S. J. SHIMER. Cutter Head.

No. 236,636. Patented Jan. 11,1881.

m w i .y m, aw JW UNITE STATES GEORGE J. SHIMER AND SAMUEL J. SHIMER, OFMILTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

CUTTER-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 236,636, dated January11, 1881.

Application filed December 8, 1880. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE J. SI-IIMER and SAMUEL J. SHIMER, citizensof the United States, residing at Milton, in the county ofNorthumberland and State of Pennsylvania,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gutter-Heads; andwe do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and ex actdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

I5 Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved tool. Fig. 2 is abottom view of the same. Fi 3 is a side view of the same. Fig. 4 is aperspective view of the head. Fig. 5 is a sectional view, vertical,showing one of the cutters or bits, and its clamping device in sectionallines, and another cutter or bit with its clamping device in outlines.Figs. 6 and 7 are end and front views of the clamping devices; and Fi 8is an edge view of one of the cutters or bits, showing mode of operationupon a piece of lumber.

Our invention relates to cutter-heads that are used on matching andmolding machines for matching and molding lumber, and par- 0 ticularlyto that class wherein bits are employed to produce a divided cut and tooperate with clearance at the side of each cuttingedge.

Our invention also relates to means for ad- 5 justing the cutters orbits and securing them to the head.

Expanding heads that cut across the fiber of the wood are usuallyfurnished with several spurs or saws to cut down the offset, and

are set ahead of the knife to work clearance for the leading point.Grooving-cutters that work with clearance to their sides are secured toseats inclined to the plane of rotation, or otherwise set inclined by anadjustment de- 5 pendent upon the skill of the workman.

By our invention the inclination of the cutter or bit is the samesecured at any point along the entire width of the head, which isadapted to receive the cutters to work any pattern and to work withclearance from any side. When grooving-cutters are employed they taketheir places above and below a line of adjustment on each alternateslot, so that when secured in the right position their leading pointsbear outwardly and away from each 5 other, and the grooving-cutters thatcut across the wood must have a projecting point on the side that leadsthe knife-edge proper about one-thirty second of an inch, to cut thefiber of the wood and prevent splitting. When tongu- 6o ing-cutters areemployed they occupy the opposite position, and take their placesalternately above and below the same line of adjustment, with theirleading points bearing toward each other. It will thus be understoodthat clearance can be given to any side of the cutter, and that ourimproved head is adapted to any and every variety of planing-mill work.Straight cutters may be used in connection with our head; but we preferto employ a cir- 7o cular or segmental cutter having the shape turned inits outer circle, thereby securing a uniformity of pattern until thecutter is used up.

Our invention consists in a cutter-head having slots inclined forwardlyand rearwardly 7 alternatelyof the axial line of the head. so that thecutters or bits attached thereto will be able to work with the properclearance.

Our invention further consists in the combination, with a cutter-headhaving slots alter- 8o nately inclined of the axial line of the head, ofsegmental or circular cutters arranged in the slots in series, andcapable of independent adjustments, whereby the same cutters can beadapted to work material of different thickness.

Our invention further consists in the combination of a cutter-headhaving slots alternately inclined of the axial line of the head, cuttersor bits arranged in series, and clamping means for securing the cuttersor bits in the slots of the head.

Our invention further consists in a novel clamping means for holding thecutter, and which also admits of a lateral adjustment of the cutter. 5

Our invention further consists in the construction and the combinationof parts, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specificallyclaimed.

In the annexed drawings, forming a part of this specification, theletter A represents the head, having a central hub of proper size boredout to fit a mandrel, upon which it is to run, and is fastened theretoin the usual way. The

head A (see Figs. 2 and 4) is formed with four arms, a b c (1, extendingradially in an irregular manner from the hub, constituting four surfacesexterior to the axis of rotation for the attachment of the cutters orbits. These arms, which are exterior and eccentric to the axis ofrotation, are cast solid with the head, and should be of sufficientstrength to resist the torsional strain upon the cutters when the toolis in operation.

1n order that-the cutters may have and work with the proper clearancefor all practical purposes we form T slots B B B B in the arms anddiagonally across the exterior surfaces, upon lines that form angleswith the axial line of the head, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4 of thedrawings. These T-shaped slots in the arms of the head, at an equaldistance from the axis of rotation, are alternately inclinedthat is tosay, arranged in series so as to alternately incline forward andrearward in the direction of the base of the tool. In other words, theslots B B are beveled in the same direction, and the externalbearing-surface of the arms for the cutters are similar in conformation,and the alternate or opposite slots, B B, are beveled in the samedirection, opposite to the other two, and the external bearing-surfacesof these are similar in conformation. The spaces betweenthe arms are ofscroll shape, substantially as' shown at c in Fig. 2, and are made ofthis shape with the objects of increasing the strength of the arm andaffording an enlarged base, and at the same time providing room for therearward adjustment of the cutters.

The letters D D and D D represent the segmental cutters or bits arrangedin series, as hereinafter described, so as to partially overlap eachother on the inner line of the out. These cutters or bits may be formedin the manufacture in a ring, and the outer surface and upper and loweredges turned to the desired shape or pattern, then cut into segments ofdesired length an d properlytempered, thereby insuring perfect shape asto outlines and uniformity of cut in the configuration or the cuttersmay be manufactured in any other well-known manner.

The letter B (see Figs. 6 and 7) represents a clamping device adapted tofit and slide in the slot of one of the head-arms and secure firmly thecutter to the bearing-surface of the arm. This clamping device consistsof the T- shaped tongue 1'', adapted to fit the corresponding T-shapedslot or groove in the head-arm, the upperjaw, i, and lower jaw, h,forming an intermediate passage or way, It, for the introduction andpassage of the cutter, and a setscrew, 1, with a conical point in theupper jaw for securing the proper adjustment of the cutter. The innersurfaces, 022, of the jaws are so constructed as to fit snugly theconvex an gular seats of the arms, as seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The segmental cutters are introduced into the passages of the clampsendwise, and the clamps with cutters adjusted in their respective slots;or the clamps can first be adjusted to the head and the cuttersafterward introduced into their proper places. The clamps carrying thecutters D D are arranged in the slots B B, on opposite sides of thehead,said slots, as hereinbefore stated, being directed rearwardly toward thebase of the tool, and theclamps carrying the cutters D D are arranged inthe other opposite slots, B B, which slots are directed forwardly to thebase of the tool. Theserearward andforwardinclinations ot' the slotsgive the clearance to the cutters at the sides.

By means of the graduated scale on the respective arms of the head (seeFigs. 1 and 4) the upper and lower cutters, working in pairs, areadjusted independently to anicety and speedily secured to thebearing-surfaces by means of the clamps and set-screws.

The set-screw or bolt confining the cutter to its bearing-surfaces has adouble oflice, since it operates upon inclined surfaces. Thefull tensionbeing given in line of the screw upon the inclined edge (see Fig. 5) ofthe cutter, and a tension of like power being also upon a line at rightangles thereto, which is exerted upon the under side of the cutter, itis plain that the same power that holds the cutter to its seat alsoholds the clamp to the head.

By sliding and setting the clamps in the slotted arms it is evident thatthe cutters can be adjusted to increase or decrease the scope of theiraction and adapt them to the different thicknesses of material to beworked. The cutters are always used in pairs, consisting of upper andlower cutters, set alternately, so as to cut alternately, with anoverlap on the inner line of out, each pair completing a full cut acrossthe edge of the lumber operated upon.

Each of the cutters has two cutting-edges, 1 and 2. The curvedcutting-edge l shapes the lumber on one side of the groove or recess,and the straight or slightly-beveled edge 2 cuts part of the groove orrecess only, overlapping a central line in the bottom of the groove, asseen in Fig. 8 of the drawings. 1f tonguing-cutters are employed, theoverlap would be on the ridge of the tongue.

The advantages of thus shaping the'l knifeedges of the matching-cutters, arranging them adjustably on seats that are inclined to theaxial line of the head to cause the upward and downward inclination ofthe cutters, and arranging them in series are, first, a division of theout, usually made in matching the edges of lumber secondly,'thealternating cutting of the cutters, which prevents tearing and splittingthirdly, the side clearance to the cutters; and, fourthly,'adapting thecutters to different thicknesses of material to be worked.

The outer bearing-surfaces of the arms to which the cutters are securedmay have flat seats for straight cutters or bits; but we prefer to usethe segmental cutters with the desired pattern, and also thebearing-surface seats formed with the convex angular or curved surfacesto match the inner circle of the segment-cutter, as shown in Fig. 2 ofthe drawings.

The cutters are sharpened and the cuttingedges adjusted to a commoncircle in the wellknown ways.

We do not wish to confine ourselves to the precise construction hereindescribed and shown, as slight changes may be made without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. A cutter-head having radial arms formed with T-shaped slot-s orgrooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of the axial lineof the head, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with slots orgrooves inclined alternately forwardly and rearwardly of the axial lineof the head, of cutters or bits with clamping devices arranged on theslot-surfaces and capable of independent adjustments, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with T-shapedslots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly al ternately of theaxial line of the head, of segmental cutters and clamping means forsecuring the cutters to the arms of the head, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination. with a head having radial arms formed with T-shapedslots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of theaxial line of the head, of the adjustable segmental cutters andadjustable clamping devices for securing the cutters to the arms of thehead, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with T-shapedslots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of theaxial line of the hcad,and the bearing-surfaces of the radial arms beingprovided with graduated scales, of the adjustable clamping devicescarrying bits and cutters capable of independent adjustments in theslots, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with slotsthat alternately incline forwardly and rearwardly of the axial line ofthe head, and the outer surfaces of the said arms formed with angularbearing-surfaces, of the adjustable clamping devices having their innerbearing-surfaces correspondingly an gularly formed, and provided withsegmental cutters, substantially as described.

7. In a cutter-head, a movable clamp for securing a cutter to the head,consisting of a T- shaped tongue, f, lower jaw, h, upper jaw, 4;, thesaid jaws forming intermediate passage, k, for the introduction of thecutter, and setscrew or bolt, substantially as described.

8. The combination, in a cutter-head, of a head having four radial armsformed with alternatin g inclined T-shaped slots and angularbearing-surfaces, the clamping devices having corresponding T-shapedtongues and angular bearing fitting-surfaces, with upper and lower jaws,segmental cutters, and set-screws or bolts for securing the clamps andcutters to the head, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with the head-cutters having inclined edges andtheir holding devices, ot' the set-screws or bolts with conical pointshaving a-twofold officeto wit, in seating the cutters in their seats inthe holding devices and securing the clamp to the head, as described.

In testimony whereof \ve affix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

GEO. J. SHIMER.

SAMUEL J. SHIMER.

\Vitnesses J. F. GAUGER, J. H. RAUP.

